美国著名經濟學家薩克斯：
特朗普政府破壞世界秩序
来源：<中国评论新闻网>
原标题：经济学家萨克斯：特朗普政府破坏世界秩序
[ 中评社香港12月14日电 ] 美国著名经济学家萨克斯（Jeffrey Sachs）发表文章，指责美国政府在处理华为的事件最终目的是遏止中国发展。美国寻求以不寻常及不合理手段逮捕华为高层孟晚舟，他批评华府才是肆意违反国际规则，破坏世界和平的国家。
香港01报道，萨克斯是美国著名经济学家，过去曾担任南美洲、东欧、前南斯拉夫、前苏联等国家地区的经济顾问。萨克斯以推行“休克疗法”，成功拯救玻利维亚经济闻名。萨克斯现时是联合国秘书长的特别顾问，哥伦比亚大学国际公共事务学院的凯特勒教授（Quetelet Professor）。
萨克斯在周二（11日）发表文章，强烈批评美国政府在处理华为事件，以致其针对中国进行打击的做法。
更多企业踩美红线，只孟晚舟被捕
萨克斯在文中表示，特朗普政府与中国的衝突与中国封闭市场、涉嫌窃取知识产权无关。特朗普政府对中国的打击，目的仅是为遏制中国。
萨克斯形容美国寻求逮捕华为高层孟晚舟，等同向中国商界宣战，是“前所未有”的事。美国过去很少逮捕美国或外国商人，商人被捕通常是因犯下个人包括贪污、暴力等个人罪行，这些都是刑事指控，但孟晚舟罪名显然不一样。
孟晚舟被控违反美国对伊朗制裁，但过去包括美国、欧洲、日本等等的国家地区在内，都有多间银行或企业曾违反美国制裁纪录：美国银行、法国巴黎银行、东京三菱银行及PayPal等多不胜数。
如摩根大通因违反美国对古巴、伊朗和苏丹的制裁在2011年被罚款8830万美元（约6.8亿港元）的罚款。然而，摩根大通CEO戴文（Jamie Dimon）并没有在飞机上被抓或在机场被羁押。
而更重要的是，过去针对这些案件，都是一个公司而非个人被追究责任，逮捕孟晚舟是一个惊人的突破。
美国逮捕孟晚舟是企图破坏中国经济
萨克斯表示，美国逮捕孟晚舟的行动是特朗普政府企图破坏中国经济的一部分。美国通过对中国徵收关税，削弱西方市场对中国高科技出口，阻止中国购买欧美科技公司，这是对中国经济战争的一部分。
华为是中国重要的科技公司之一，在5G技术方面取得了成功。美国则声称该公司构成安全风险，但并没有提供证据。这一动机在英国《金融时报》一篇报道上表露无遗：“你无法获得（华为）干预讯息通讯技术的具体证据，但你不会冒险把安全放在潜在对手的手中。”
换句话说，就是虽不能证明华为有害，但我们先把公司列入黑名单。
美可肆意命令他国，拒绝联合国决议
美国国务卿蓬佩奥在12月4日，于比利时布鲁塞尔出席马歇尔基金会（German Marshall Fund）上，表示美国会合法地退出或重新谈判那些对美国有害，或过时的条约。但实际上，特朗普在退出条约前往往是单方面暴力地撕毁在先，或主动摧毁它。
美国逮捕孟晚舟则更具挑衅性，因这意味美国可以命令其他国家停止与古巴或伊朗等第三方国家进行贸易，但相反美国肯定不会容许其他国家限制其公司与什麽对象进行贸易。
而针对非国家体系的制裁（如美国对中国企业的制裁），不应是一个国家执行，而是应根据联合国安理会达成的协议执行。实际联合国安理会第2231号决议已呼吁所有国家放弃对伊朗的制裁，作为2015年伊朗核协议的一部分。然而现时只有美国，拒绝了安理会的呼吁和安排。
因此，特朗普政府，而不是华为或中国，才是当今对国际法治乃至全球和平的最大威胁。#
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The U.S., not China, is the real threat to international rule of law
Author / Source: Jeffrey D. Sachs / The Globe and Mail
If, as Mark Twain reputedly said, history often rhymes, our era increasingly recalls the period preceding 1914. And as with Europe’s great powers back then, the United States, led by an administration intent on asserting America’s dominance over China, is pushing the world toward disaster.
The context of the arrest of Huawei CFO Meng Wanzhou – a dangerous move by U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration in its intensifying conflict with China – matters enormously. The United States requested that Canada arrest Ms. Meng in the Vancouver airport en route to Mexico from Hong Kong, and then extradite her to the United States. Such a move is almost a U.S. declaration of war on China’s business community. Nearly unprecedented, it puts American business people travelling abroad at much greater risk of such actions by other countries.
The United States rarely arrests senior business people, U.S. or foreign, for alleged crimes committed by their companies. Corporate managers are usually arrested for their alleged personal crimes (such as embezzlement, bribery or violence) rather than their company’s alleged malfeasance. Yes, corporate managers should be held to account for their company’s malfeasance, up to and including criminal charges, but to start this practice with a leading Chinese business person – rather than the dozens of culpable U.S. CEOs and CFOs – is a stunning provocation to the Chinese government, business community and public.
Ms. Meng is charged with violating U.S. sanctions on Iran. Yet, consider her arrest in the context of the large number of companies, U.S. and non-U.S., that have violated America’s sanctions against Iran and other countries. In 2011, for example, JP Morgan Chase paid $88.3 million in fines in 2011 for violating U.S. sanctions against Cuba, Iran and Sudan. Yet Jamie Dimon wasn’t grabbed off a plane and whisked into custody.
And JP Morgan Chase was hardly alone in violating U.S. sanctions. Since 2010, the following major financial institutions paid fines for such violations: Banco do Brasil, Bank of America, Bank of Guam, Bank of Moscow, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Barclays, BNP Paribas, Clearstream Banking, Commerzbank, Compass, Crédit Agricole, Deutsche Bank, HSBC, ING, Intesa Sanpaolo, National Bank of Abu Dhabi, National Bank of Pakistan, PayPal, RBS (ABN Amro), Société Générale, Toronto-Dominion Bank, Trans Pacific National Bank (now known as Beacon Business Bank), Standard Chartered and Wells Fargo.
None of the CEOs or CFOs of these sanction-busting banks were arrested and taken into custody for these violations. In all of these cases, the corporation – rather than an individual manager – was held accountable. Nor were they held accountable for the pervasive lawbreaking in the lead-up to or aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, for which the banks paid a staggering US$243 billion in fines, according to a recent tally. In light of this record, Ms. Meng’s arrest is a shocking break with practice. Yes, hold CEOs and CFOs accountable – but start at home in order to avoid hypocrisy, self-interest disguised as high principle and the risk of inciting a new global conflict.
Quite transparently, the U.S. action against Ms. Meng really seems to be part of the Trump administration’s broader attempt to undermine China’s economy by imposing tariffs, closing Western markets to Chinese high-technology exports and blocking Chinese purchases of U.S. and European technology companies. One can say, without exaggeration, that this is part of an economic war on China – and a reckless one at that.
Huawei is one of China’s most important technology companies and therefore a prime target in the Trump administration’s effort to slow or stop China’s advance into several high-technology sectors. America’s motivations in this economic war are partly commercial – to protect and favour laggard U.S. companies – and partly geopolitical. They certainly have nothing to do with upholding the international rule of law.
The U.S. appears to be trying to target Huawei especially because of the company’s success in marketing cutting-edge 5G technologies globally. The U.S. claims the company poses a specific security risk through hidden surveillance capabilities in its hardware and software. Yet the U.S. government has provided no evidence for this claim.
A recent diatribe against Huawei in the Financial Times is revealing in this regard. After conceding that “you cannot have concrete proof of interference in ICT, unless you are lucky enough to find the needle in the haystack,” the author simply asserts that “you don’t take the risk of putting your security in the hands of a potential adversary.” In other words: While we can’t really point to misbehavior by Huawei, we should blacklist the company nonetheless.
When global trade rules obstruct Mr. Trump’s gangster tactics, then the rules have to go, according to him. U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo admitted as much last week in Brussels: “Our administration,” he said, is “lawfully exiting or renegotiating outdated or harmful treaties, trade agreements, and other international arrangements that don’t serve our sovereign interests, or the interests of our allies.” Yet before it exits these agreements, the administration is trashing them through reckless and unilateral actions.
The unprecedented arrest of Ms. Meng is even more provocative because it is based on U.S. extra-territorial sanctions – that is, the claim by the U.S. that it can order other countries to stop trading with third parties such as Cuba or Iran. The U.S. would certainly not tolerate China or any other country telling American companies with whom they can or cannot trade.
Sanctions regarding non-national parties (such as U.S. sanctions on a Chinese business) should not be enforced by one country alone, but according to agreements reached within the United Nations Security Council. In that regard, UN Security Council Resolution 2231 calls on all countries to drop sanctions on Iran as part of the 2015 Iran nuclear agreement. Yet the United States. – and only the United States – now rejects the Security Council’s role in such matters. The Trump administration, not Huawei or China, is today’s greatest threat to the international rule of law, and therefore to global peace.
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