| 新加坡“五•一三”事件图片集 |
来源：陈慧娴编《敢向英殖民统治者说不——五一三事件60周年纪念》
【5月20日更新：英文版编者按语】
Scenes of May 13, 1954 in Singapore
【5月20日更新：英文版编者按语】
Scenes of May 13, 1954 in Singapore
Source : Youth on Trials edited by Chan Wai Han
【Updated Editor's Note in English version on 20 May 2014】
【人民之友部落格编者按语】在马来亚独立以前，新加坡和马来半岛同属英国殖民地，都同样受英国殖民政府和他所派驻的总督的统治和支配。英国殖民政府为了加强对当时新马两地人民争取自治和独立的群众运动尤其是马来半岛的武装斗争的镇压，1954年就在作为军事基地的新加坡实施“国民服役”，强制18至20岁的各类男青年都得登记、参加军事训练，以保护殖民统治者的利益。英国殖民政府当时的这项措施激起了广大人民尤其是华校中学生（其中不少是超龄生）的愤懑，人们大都认为没有道理为殖民统治者卖命，因此提出“学生要读书，不要当炮灰”的口号。华校中学生于是成立了一个“行动委员会”向殖民政府展开要求免役的抗争，而在1954年5月13日爆发了马来亚（包括新加坡）上个世纪50年代学运史上可歌可泣的“五•一三”事件。这个事件的确是点燃了整个马来亚（包括新加坡）反殖民主义群众运动的星火。
在新加坡的“五•一三”事件发生的那个年代（上世纪50年代），新马两地人民原本就是血肉相连的关系，却被英殖民政府分而治之。因此两地人民的政治目标就是为实现一个包括新加坡在内的统一、独立、民主的马来亚而奋斗。即使新加坡在1959年实现了完全内部自治之后，也是要为实现新马两地和人民复归统一而努力，为打破英殖民主义分而治之的统治而奋斗。在上世纪60年代初，英国统治集团日薄西山、维持殖民霸业力不从心，而不得不在1963年在本地区宣告成立一个由新加坡、沙巴、砂拉越和马来亚联合邦组成（汶莱在最后阶段宣布退出）的“马来西亚联邦”，扶植一个代表马来封建贵族和官僚资产阶级利益的政权，以继续统治和压迫本地区各族人民，遏制和镇压本地区民族民主运动的发展。新加坡以李光耀为首的人民行动党统治集团最初是为了镇压其统治范围内的反殖民主进步力量以及扩展其政治活动到更大范围而加入“马来西亚联邦”，却在1965年被以东姑阿都拉曼为首的巫统霸权统治集团把他们从“马来西亚联邦”踢出来，李光耀不得不在8月9日宣告新加坡独立。因此，说“五•一三事件吹起了新加坡独立运动的新号角”是不符合历史事实的。这种误导性的说法或许有一天不幸被白衣人所利用。
本图片集及其中英文说明是取自陈慧娴编《敢向英殖民统治者说不——五一三事件60周年纪念》一书[新加坡两个人权组织即“第八功能”（FUNCTION 8）与“尊严”（MARUAH）在2014年5月13日出版，页116-127]。
以下插图是现居新加坡的名画家朱庆光在1954年创作的题为“五一三事件”的木刻版画。该画收录于《东南亚现代美术的诞生——艺术家及艺术运动》（日本福冈市美术馆、広岛县立美术馆、静冈县立美术馆、东京都历史文化财团、读卖新闻、日本美术馆协会，1997年5月9日出版）。
[Editor’s Note] Both Singapore and Malay Peninsula were British colonies prior to the independence of Malaya. Both were ruled and dominated by the British colonial government and its appointed governor. In 1954, the British colonial government imposed “national service” in its military base, Singapore, in order to strengthen the repression against the mass movement in Singapore and Malay Peninsula fighting for autonomy and independence. Young men aged between 18 and 20 years old were forced to register and to take part in military training to safeguard the interest of the colonial ruler.
This measure had caused the resentment of the masses especially Chinese middle school students (a number of them were over-aged students). Most people think there is no reason to sacrifice their lives for the colonial rulers, thus they chanted the slogan "students want to study, not to serve as cannon fodder". Chinese middle school students had then formed an “Action Committee” to struggle against the colonial government for the exemption from national service. The “May 13 incident” then broke out on 13 May 1954. This is a heroic and moving incident in the student movement history of the Malaya (including Singapore). This incident was indeed the spark that torched a prairie fire of the anti-colonial mass movement of the whole Malaya (including Singapore).
In 1950s, the century when May 13 occurred, people in Singapore and the Malay Peninsula were like each other’s flesh and blood, but were divided and ruled by the British government. Hence, the political goal of the people from both lands was to materialise a unified, autonomous, democratic Malaya which includes Singapore. Although Singapore gained internal autonomy in 1959, she was still struggling for the unity of people from both lands and to end the divide and rule by the British colonialist.
In early 1960s, the British colonial rule was at the twilight of their ruling, it could hardly maintained its colonial dominance as it wished to. It had no choice but to announce the establishment of the “Federation of Malaysia” consisting of Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak and Federation of Malaya in 1963 (Brunei announced exit at the final stage), fostering a regime that represents the interest of the Malay feudal aristocrats and bourgeoisie bureaucrats, to prolong its rule and oppression towards the people of all ethnic communities in the region, and to restrain and repress the national democratic movement development in this region.
Initially, Singapore, the People’s Action Party ruling regime led by Lee Kuan Yew joined the Federation of Malaysia to repress the anti-colonial democratic and progressive forces within its ruling area and to the expand its political activities to a wider range, but it was then kicked out of the federation by UMNO hegemonistic ruling regime led by Tunku Abdul Rahman in 1965, thus Lee had no choice but to declare the independence of Singapore on 9th Aug. Therefore, it is not conforming to the historical fact by saying that “May 13” had blown the bugle of independence movement of Singapore. This misleading statement may one day, unfortunately be used by the men in white.
The picture collections and their descriptions in Chinese and English were taken from Youth on Trial edited by Chan Wai Han, published by Function 8 and Maruah on 13th May 2014 (page 116-127).
Image of the woodcut below entitled “May 13 Incident” was produced in 1954 by Choo Keng Kwang, a famous artist currently residing in Singapore. This image was included in The Birth of Modern Art in Southeast Asia: Artists and Movements (Published by Fukuoka Art Museum, Hiroshima Prefectural Art Museum, Shizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art, Tokyo Metropolitan Foundation for History and Culture, The Yomiuri Shimbun and The Japan Association of Art Museums on 9 May 1997).
This Editor’s Note is translated from the Chinese version. Should there be any confusion between the Chinese and English versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.
[Editor’s Note] Both Singapore and Malay Peninsula were British colonies prior to the independence of Malaya. Both were ruled and dominated by the British colonial government and its appointed governor. In 1954, the British colonial government imposed “national service” in its military base, Singapore, in order to strengthen the repression against the mass movement in Singapore and Malay Peninsula fighting for autonomy and independence. Young men aged between 18 and 20 years old were forced to register and to take part in military training to safeguard the interest of the colonial ruler.
This measure had caused the resentment of the masses especially Chinese middle school students (a number of them were over-aged students). Most people think there is no reason to sacrifice their lives for the colonial rulers, thus they chanted the slogan "students want to study, not to serve as cannon fodder". Chinese middle school students had then formed an “Action Committee” to struggle against the colonial government for the exemption from national service. The “May 13 incident” then broke out on 13 May 1954. This is a heroic and moving incident in the student movement history of the Malaya (including Singapore). This incident was indeed the spark that torched a prairie fire of the anti-colonial mass movement of the whole Malaya (including Singapore).
In 1950s, the century when May 13 occurred, people in Singapore and the Malay Peninsula were like each other’s flesh and blood, but were divided and ruled by the British government. Hence, the political goal of the people from both lands was to materialise a unified, autonomous, democratic Malaya which includes Singapore. Although Singapore gained internal autonomy in 1959, she was still struggling for the unity of people from both lands and to end the divide and rule by the British colonialist.
In early 1960s, the British colonial rule was at the twilight of their ruling, it could hardly maintained its colonial dominance as it wished to. It had no choice but to announce the establishment of the “Federation of Malaysia” consisting of Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak and Federation of Malaya in 1963 (Brunei announced exit at the final stage), fostering a regime that represents the interest of the Malay feudal aristocrats and bourgeoisie bureaucrats, to prolong its rule and oppression towards the people of all ethnic communities in the region, and to restrain and repress the national democratic movement development in this region.
Initially, Singapore, the People’s Action Party ruling regime led by Lee Kuan Yew joined the Federation of Malaysia to repress the anti-colonial democratic and progressive forces within its ruling area and to the expand its political activities to a wider range, but it was then kicked out of the federation by UMNO hegemonistic ruling regime led by Tunku Abdul Rahman in 1965, thus Lee had no choice but to declare the independence of Singapore on 9th Aug. Therefore, it is not conforming to the historical fact by saying that “May 13” had blown the bugle of independence movement of Singapore. This misleading statement may one day, unfortunately be used by the men in white.
The picture collections and their descriptions in Chinese and English were taken from Youth on Trial edited by Chan Wai Han, published by Function 8 and Maruah on 13th May 2014 (page 116-127).
Image of the woodcut below entitled “May 13 Incident” was produced in 1954 by Choo Keng Kwang, a famous artist currently residing in Singapore. This image was included in The Birth of Modern Art in Southeast Asia: Artists and Movements (Published by Fukuoka Art Museum, Hiroshima Prefectural Art Museum, Shizuoka Prefectural Museum of Art, Tokyo Metropolitan Foundation for History and Culture, The Yomiuri Shimbun and The Japan Association of Art Museums on 9 May 1997).
This Editor’s Note is translated from the Chinese version. Should there be any confusion between the Chinese and English versions, the Chinese version shall prevail.
“五一三”事件发生於一九五四年五月十三日，星加坡华校中学生为了争取学习的利益要求准予缓役，这项要求发展成为到总督府和平请愿的行动，结果造成了警方殴打学生的流血事件，百多人受伤，四十八名学生被捕，这一流血惨案激发起了学生和广大社会人士的义愤，整千名学生集中在中正中学，后来由总商会调解失败后又在华侨中学集中了整整二十二天。在同学们的坚强团结和艰苦奋斗之下，终于取得了缓役的保证。
以下的图片，深刻反映了殖民统治者真正的残酷面目，它有助于教育人民，对六十年前这一段历史的深刻反思。
The event of May 13, 1954 started with Chinese Middle School students petitioning peacefully for deferment of National Service registration so that their studies would not be disrupted. Unfortunately it resulted in draconian action against the students, with more than a hundred students injured and 48 students arrested. Students and the public were justifi ably angered, leading to nearly a thousand students camping in at Chung Cheng High School. Mediation efforts by the Chinese Chamber of Commerce failed to clear the impasse and the students went on further to camp at Chinese High School. The whole incident lasted 22 days, until the authorities guaranteed deferment of National Service for the students.
The images in the following pages reflect the cruel face of the colonial authorities and are worthy of the readers’ contemplation of this important chapter in our history 60 years ago.
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| “五一三”在皇家山脚,警官说我们在游行，在示威！ The “May 13 Incident” at the bottom of Fort Canning Hill. The police said we were marching; they said we were protesting! |
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| 槟榔路上暴动镇暴队严阵以待。 The anti-riot squad forming in ranks at Penang Road. |
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| 武装的镇暴队对付手无寸铁的学生如临大敌! Armed anti-riot squads dealt with the students, who hadn’t an inch of weaponry to defend themselves with, as though they were a mighty enemy! |
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| 警察在等待上司的残暴命令。 Policemen awaiting their superiors’ violent orders. |
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| 警官为什么摄取我们的相片？ Why were the police taking pictures of us? |
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| 要偷摄我们的相片吗？休想！ Want to sneak pictures of us? Forget it! |
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| 看!这只是暴行的开始！ Look! This is only the start of the violence! |
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| 就是他!那残暴的警官狠毒地掐住我的颈项！ He’s the one! That brutal police officer savagely grabbing my neck! |
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| 用那么粗大的绳子要将我们勒死！ Using such thick ropes as if to strangle us to death! |
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| 后面是水沟，警察，你要推我去那里？ Behind me lies a drain. Mr Policeman, is that where you want to push me? |
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| 我的手臂几乎被他们折断了！ They almost broke my arm! |
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| 我们就是这样手无寸铁地在水沟与铁栏之间被殴打的！ This is how we, the defenceless, were beaten up between the drain and the metal railing! |
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| 暴力这样地施在我们的身上！ This is how violently we were treated! |
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| 这情景叫我们怎忘得了？ How could we ever forget this scene? |
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| 殴打！逮捕！还要撕衣服！ Thrashings! Arrests! And they even tore our clothes! |
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| 啊！血淋淋的手伸向这里来了！ Ah! A bloodied hand extends in this direction! |
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| 我就是这样被他们强扛上警车的！ This is how they forcefully hauled me into the police car! |
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| 不用怕！犯罪的不是我们！ There is no need to fear! We’re not the ones breaking the law! |
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| 同学们！跑到南桥女中去，让我们重新集合起来！ Fellow students! Let us run to Nan Chiau High School and assemble once more! |
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| 我们被追到小山下！ We were chased to the bottom of the hill! |
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| 在他们面前，让我们向大家控诉！ In front of them, let us raise our complaint for all to hear! |
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| 听到我们被无理殴打的消息，兄弟姐妹都赶来了。 When they heard that we were being senselessly beaten, our brothers and sisters all rushed to our aid. |
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